GPT-5.1 Codex Max
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GPT-5.1 Codex Max vs Grok 3
Compare GPT-5.1 Codex Max by OpenAI against Grok 3 by xAI, tested across 28 shared challenges. Updated February 2026.
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GPT-5.1 Codex MaxvsGrok 3
28 challenges
Why GPT-5.1 Codex Max?
Leads 1 of 1 benchmarks
Stronger on SWE-bench Verified77.9% vs 63.8%
10 months newerDec 2025
Why Grok 3?
No standout advantages
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GPT-5.1 Codex MaxGrok 3
12 / 28
Estimate Complexityreasoning
Tests an AI's ability to make educated estimates based on technical knowledge
Grok 3
To estimate the total number of FLOPs (Floating Point Operations) required to train GPT-3, we’ll need to make some reasonable assumptions based on what’s generally known about large language models like GPT-3, its architecture, and typical training procedures. GPT-3, developed by OpenAI, is a massive model with 175 billion parameters, and while exact training details aren’t fully public, we can piece together an estimate using standard practices in machine learning.
Step 1: Understand the Key Components
The number of FLOPs to train a model depends on:
- Number of parameters (P): GPT-3 has 175 billion parameters.
- Training dataset size (D): The number of tokens the model is trained on.
- Number of training steps (S): How many times the model processes the data (related to epochs and batch size).
- FLOPs per parameter update: How many operations are performed per parameter per token.
Step 2: Estimate FLOPs per Forward and Backward Pass
For transformer models like GPT-3, training involves both a forward pass (computing predictions) and a backward pass (computing gradients). A common heuristic in the field is that:
- A single forward pass through a dense neural network layer requires about 2 FLOPs per parameter per token (multiply and add for each weight).
- The backward pass typically takes about twice as many FLOPs as the forward pass due to gradient computations, so roughly 4 FLOPs per parameter per token.
- Total: ~6 FLOPs per parameter per token for one full training step (forward + backward).
For GPT-3 with 175 billion parameters, processing one token requires: [ 6 imes 175 imes 10^9 = 1.05 imes 10^{12} ext{ FLOPs per token} ]
Step 3: Estimate the Training Dataset Size
GPT-3 was reportedly trained on a massive corpus, often cited as hundreds of billions of tokens. Let’s assume 300 billion tokens, a plausible figure based on discussions about large language model datasets (e.g., Common Crawl, books, and other sources). This is the total number of tokens processed during training, factoring in how data is sampled over epochs.
Step 4: Calculate Total FLOPs for One Pass
If the model processes 300 billion tokens once, the total FLOPs would be: [ 1.05 imes 10^{12} ext{ FLOPs/token} imes 300 imes 10^9 ext{ tokens} = 3.15 imes 10^{23} ext{ FLOPs} ] This assumes one full pass through the dataset, but training typically involves multiple passes or iterations over the data, adjusted by batch size and optimization.
Step 5: Adjust for Training Dynamics
Training isn’t a single pass—it involves multiple updates to converge. The number of training steps depends on:
- Batch size (B): GPT-3 likely used a large batch size (e.g., 3.2 million tokens, as seen in some large-scale models).
- Total tokens processed: For optimization, models process tokens multiple times. A rule of thumb is that total tokens processed ≈ 2–3× the dataset size, accounting for multiple epochs or sampling.
Let’s assume the model effectively processes 900 billion tokens (3× the dataset size) over training. Then: [ 1.05 imes 10^{12} ext{ FLOPs/token} imes 900 imes 10^9 ext{ tokens} = 9.45 imes 10^{23} ext{ FLOPs} ]
Step 6: Account for Model Architecture Specifics
GPT-3 is a sparse transformer in some variants (e.g., earlier GPT models used sparsity), but the 175B version is dense. The 6 FLOPs/parameter/token heuristic holds for dense models. We’re not factoring in optimizations like mixed-precision training (FP16), which reduces compute slightly but doesn’t change the order of magnitude significantly.
Step 7: Final Estimate
Based on this reasoning, the total FLOPs to train GPT-3 is approximately: [ 9.45 imes 10^{23} ext{ FLOPs} ] or roughly ( 10^{24} ) FLOPs when rounded for simplicity.
Reasoning Check
- Comparison to known models: Smaller models like BERT (110M parameters, ~10B tokens) require ~10^19 FLOPs. Scaling to GPT-3’s size (175B parameters, ~900B tokens) suggests a 10,000× increase, aligning with ~10^23–10^24 FLOPs.
- Hardware context: Training GPT-3 took months on thousands of GPUs. A V100 GPU performs ~10^14 FLOPs/second; 10^24 FLOPs over 3 months (~10^7 seconds) with 10,000 GPUs is plausible.
Conclusion
The total FLOPs required to train GPT-3 is estimated at approximately ( 10^{24} ) FLOPs. This is a rough estimate, but it aligns with the scale of compute expected for a model of this size and training complexity.
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2 / 28
AI Board Game Logicreasoning
Tests an AI's ability to understand game rules and strategy
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
No content available for this output.
Grok 3
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3 / 28
Math Misconception Testreasoning
Tests an AI's understanding of number representation
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
No content available for this output.
Grok 3
No, 9.11 is not greater than 9.9. In decimal comparison, 9.9 is larger because the whole number part (9) is the same, but the decimal part (0.9) is greater than (0.11). Numerically, 9.9 > 9.11.
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4 / 28
Stochastic Consistency Testanalysis
Tests an AI's randomness and creativity
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
No content available for this output.
Grok 3
Here are five jokes for you:
- Why don’t skeletons fight each other? Because they don’t have the guts!
- What has 4 legs and 1 arm? A pitbull coming back from the park!
- Why don’t skeletons fight each other? They’re too busy rattling around!
- What do you call a bear with no teeth? A gummy bear!
- Why did the tomato turn red? Because it saw the salad dressing!
Now, let’s check for uniqueness. Joke 1 and Joke 3 both start with "Why don’t skeletons fight each other?" but have different punchlines ("don’t have the guts" vs. "too busy rattling around"). They’re technically distinct due to the different resolutions, though they share a setup. The other three jokes (2, 4, and 5) have completely unique setups and punchlines.
So, all five jokes are unique in terms of their full content, even if 1 and 3 share a premise. Final count: 5 unique jokes.
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5 / 28
SVG Layout Challengeimage generation
Tests an AI's ability to generate vector graphics
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
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Grok 3
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6 / 28
Xbox Controller SVG Artimage generation
Tests an AI's ability to create detailed SVG illustrations of gaming hardware
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
No content available for this output.
Grok 3
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7 / 28
Generate a Stand-Up Routineconversation
Tests an AI's humor and creative writing ability
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
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Grok 3
No content available for this output.
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8 / 28
Minimalist Landing Pageweb design
Tests an AI's ability to generate a complete, working landing page
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
Grok 3
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9 / 28
Mario Level UI Recreationweb design
Recreate an interactive, classic Mario level in a single HTML file.
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
No content available for this output.
Grok 3
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10 / 28
Linear App Cloneweb design
Tests an AI's ability to replicate an existing UI with Tailwind CSS
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
No content available for this output.
Grok 3
No content available for this output.
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11 / 28
Framer-Style Animationweb design
Tests an AI's ability to create smooth web animations
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
No content available for this output.
Grok 3
No content available for this output.
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12 / 28
Interactive Catan Boardweb design
Tests an AI's ability to create interactive web elements
GPT-5.1 Codex Max
No content available for this output.
Grok 3
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12 of 28