Claude Opus 4.5
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Claude Opus 4.5 vs Claude Sonnet 4.6
Compare Claude Opus 4.5 and Claude Sonnet 4.6, both from Anthropic, tested across 52 shared challenges. Updated February 2026.
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Claude Opus 4.5vsClaude Sonnet 4.6
47 challenges
Why Claude Opus 4.5?
Leads 1 of 1 benchmarks
Stronger on SWE-bench Verified80.9% vs 79.0%
Why Claude Sonnet 4.6?
3 months newerFeb 2026
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Claude Opus 4.5Claude Sonnet 4.6
12 / 47
Estimate Complexityreasoning
Tests an AI's ability to make educated estimates based on technical knowledge
Claude Sonnet 4.6
Estimating FLOPs to Train GPT-3
Step 1: Recall GPT-3's Architecture
GPT-3 has approximately:
- 175 billion parameters (this is well-known)
- 96 transformer layers
- 96 attention heads
- Hidden dimension: 12,288
- Context length: 2,048 tokens
Step 2: FLOPs per Token (Forward Pass)
For a transformer, the dominant operations are matrix multiplications. There's a useful rule of thumb:
FLOPs per token ≈ 2 × N (for the forward pass)
where N = number of parameters.
Why 2×N?
- Each parameter is involved in roughly one multiply-add operation per token
- A multiply-add = 2 FLOPs
- This holds when sequence length is much smaller than model dimension (which is roughly true here)
So forward pass FLOPs per token: $$2 \times 175 \times 10^9 = 3.5 \times 10^{11} \text{ FLOPs/token}$$
Step 3: Account for Backward Pass
Backpropagation costs approximately 2× the forward pass (computing gradients for weights + activations).
So total per token: $$3 \times 3.5 \times 10^{11} = 1.05 \times 10^{12} \text{ FLOPs/token}$$
Step 4: Training Tokens
GPT-3 was trained on approximately 300 billion tokens (from the paper's description of ~300B tokens from filtered Common Crawl, WebText, books, Wikipedia).
Step 5: Total FLOPs
$$\text{Total FLOPs} = 1.05 \times 10^{12} \times 3 \times 10^{11}$$
$$= 3.15 \times 10^{23} \text{ FLOPs}$$
$$\approx \boxed{3 \times 10^{23} \text{ FLOPs}}$$
Sanity Check
- This is ~300 zettaFLOPs
- At 1,000 A100s running at ~300 TFLOPs each (with ~50% utilization → ~150 TFLOPs effective):
- Total compute = 1,000 × 1.5×10¹⁴ = 1.5×10¹⁷ FLOPs/second
- Time = 3×10²³ / 1.5×10¹⁷ ≈ 2×10⁶ seconds ≈ 23 days
- OpenAI reportedly used thousands of GPUs for weeks — this is plausible ✓
Summary
| Component | Value |
|---|---|
| Parameters | 175B |
| FLOPs/token (forward) | ~3.5 × 10¹¹ |
| Training multiplier (fwd+bwd) | ×3 |
| Training tokens | ~300B |
| Total FLOPs | ~3 × 10²³ |
The key formula to remember: C ≈ 6ND where N = parameters, D = training tokens.
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2 / 47
AI Board Game Logicreasoning
Tests an AI's ability to understand game rules and strategy
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
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3 / 47
Logic Puzzlereasoning
Tests an AI's ability to solve a simple but potentially confusing logic puzzle
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
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4 / 47
Stochastic Consistency Testanalysis
Tests an AI's randomness and creativity
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
No content available for this output.
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5 / 47
SVG Layout Challengeimage generation
Tests an AI's ability to generate vector graphics
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
No content available for this output.
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6 / 47
Xbox Controller SVG Artimage generation
Tests an AI's ability to create detailed SVG illustrations of gaming hardware
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
No content available for this output.
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7 / 47
Generate a Stand-Up Routineconversation
Tests an AI's humor and creative writing ability
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
No content available for this output.
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8 / 47
Realistic AI Interviewconversation
Tests an AI's ability to simulate personalities and predict future trends
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
No content available for this output.
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9 / 47
Satirical Fake News Headlineconversation
Tests an AI's humor and understanding of current events
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
No content available for this output.
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10 / 47
Character Voice Testconversation
Tests an AI's ability to write in distinct character voices
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
No content available for this output.
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11 / 47
Minimalist Landing Pageweb design
Tests an AI's ability to generate a complete, working landing page
Claude Opus 4.5
Claude Sonnet 4.6
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12 / 47
Pokémon Battle UI Recreationweb design
Recreate an interactive, nostalgic Pokémon battle UI in a single HTML file.
Claude Opus 4.5
No content available for this output.
Claude Sonnet 4.6
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12 of 47