GPT-4o (Omni) vs GPT-4o mini
Compare GPT-4o (Omni) and GPT-4o mini, both from OpenAI, context windows of 128K vs 128K, tested across 37 shared challenges. Updated February 2026.
Compare GPT-4o (Omni) and GPT-4o mini, both from OpenAI, context windows of 128K vs 128K, tested across 37 shared challenges. Updated February 2026.
37 challenges
Tests an AI's ability to make educated estimates based on technical knowledge
To estimate the total number of FLOPs (floating-point operations) required to train GPT-3, we can break down the computation involved in the training process.
GPT-3 is a transformer model with 175 billion parameters. This is a significant number of parameters, which will impact the total computation.
Training a model like GPT-3 involves several steps for each training iteration:
Each of these steps requires a certain number of FLOPs.
For transformer models like GPT-3, the following can be estimated:
Forward Pass: The forward pass through the model consists of several matrix multiplications and other operations. A rough estimate is that the forward pass requires approximately ( 2 \times \text{number of parameters} ) in terms of FLOPs due to matrix multiplications being computed for each token in the input sequence.
Backward Pass: The backward pass generally requires about the same amount of computational resources as the forward pass, though not exactly the same. A common rule of thumb is that it could also require around ( 2 \times \text{number of parameters} ).
Combining the two, for one forward and backward pass, we can estimate:
[ \text{Total FLOPs per training step} \approx 4 \times \text{number of parameters} ]
With ( 175 ) billion parameters:
[ \text{Total FLOPs per training step} \approx 4 \times 175 \times 10^9 \approx 700 \times 10^9 = 700 \text{ billion FLOPs} ]
Next, we need to estimate the total number of training steps (batches) required. GPT-3 was trained on a mixture of datasets, with a significant amount of text (hundreds of gigabytes). A rough estimate for the effective number of training iterations could be in the order of hundreds of thousands to millions. Let's assume around ( 300,000 ) training steps (which is a reasonable estimate based on the scale of large language model training).
Now we can calculate the total FLOPs for training:
[ \text{Total FLOPs} \approx (\text{Total FLOPs per training step}) \times (\text{number of training steps}) ]
Substituting the values we have:
[ \text{Total FLOPs} \approx 700 \times 10^9 \times 300,000 \approx 210 \times 10^{15} = 210 \text{ petaFLOPs} ]
Therefore, the estimated total number of FLOPs required to train GPT-3 is approximately 210 petaFLOPs. This number is an approximation and actual values can vary based on specific architectures, optimizations, and hardware used during training.
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